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HMAS Success (OR 304)
HMAS ''Success'' (OR 304) is a ''Durance''-class multi-product replenishment oiler serving in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built at Cockatoo Island Dockyard in Sydney, Australia, during the 1980s, she is the only ship of the class to be constructed outside France, and the only one to not originally serve in the ''Marine Nationale'' (French Navy). The ship was part of the Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War, and was deployed to East Timor in response to incidents in 1999 and 2006. The ship was fitted with a double hull during the first half of 2011, to meet International Maritime Organisation standards.
==Construction==
Seeing a need to replace the ageing oiler , the RAN placed an order in 1971 for a combat support ship-a replenishment vessel capable of supplying ammunition and stores in addition to fuel-to be named HMAS ''Protector''.〔Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 221〕 However, concerns about the cost of construction prompted the order's cancellation in 1974.〔 Instead, the Directions Techniques Des Constructions Navales was approached about constructing a ''Durance'' class replenishment oiler for the RAN, and a design contract was awarded to the Government of France in 1977.〔 The $68.4 million (in 1978 prices) construction contract was awarded to Vickers Cockatoo Dockyard in October 1979, with ship delivery by 31 July 1983.
The modified ''Durance''-class oiler is in length, with a beam of , and a draught of , with a full load displacement of 18,221 tonnes.〔Saunders (ed.), ''IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2012-2013'', p. 35〕 Propulsion machinery consists of two SEMT-Pielstick 16 PC2.5 V 400 diesel motors, which supply to the ship's two propeller shafts.〔 Top speed is , and the ship has a range of at .〔 ''Success'' has a total capacity of 10,200 tonnes of cargo: 8,707 tonnes of diesel fuel, 975 tonnes of aviation fuel, 250 tonnes of munitions, 116 tonnes of water, 95 tonnes of components and naval stores, and 57 tonnes of food and other consumables.〔 Fuel and liquid stores can be transferred from four points (two on each side), allowing ''Success'' to replenish two ships simultaneously, while solid cargo can be moved via vertical replenishment (with a hangar and helipad for a single Sea King, Seahawk, or Squirrel helicopter), or by boat (the RAN LCVP ''T 7'' is carried on a starboard aft davit).〔 The ship is armed with seven 12.7 mm machine guns, and is fitted for but not with a Mark 15 Phalanx CIWS.〔 The sensor suite includes two Kelvin Hughes Type 100G navigation radars.〔 Ship's company is made up of 25 officers and 212 sailors.〔
''Success'' was laid down by Cockatoo Island Dockyard in Sydney, New South Wales on 9 August 1980. She was launched on 3 March 1984, and commissioned into the RAN on 23 April 1986.〔 ''Success'' is the largest ship to ever be built in Australia for the RAN, and is the largest ship to be built in Port Jackson (the port of Sydney).〔Royal Australian Navy, ''HMAS Success (II)''〕 She was also the last major vessel to be constructed at Cockatoo Island Dockyard. In June 1983 the contract were renegotiated while construction was underway, with the acceptance date being extended by three years and the project cost increased to $187.3 million. The cost and time overruns were primarily due to protracted dispute between the Commonwealth and the builder over the drawings and specifications received from France, with evidence that the Department of Defence underestimated the extent of the differences between the original Australian building specifications and those supplied.〔 Additional factors in the time and cost increases were a lack of tradesmen skilled in naval construction, overly bureaucratic management, and low labour productivity.〔 The final project cost was estimated at $197.41 million; the dramatic increase in cost prevented the construction of a planned second ship.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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